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With an inadequate sense of self-renewal, the Attlee era party had little further to put before voters after 1947. Lord Woolton was also key in the reformation of the party; holding membership dirves, propaganda campaigns and obtaining donations from bug businesses who were threatened by Labours nationalisation. In addition, after the Korean War broke out in 1950, Britain decided to rearm. Then, the second ministry saw a fractious Parliamentary party being further divided over the Korean War and the advancement of the National Health Service, leading up to a comfortable Tory win in the October 1951 election. Labour had made so many promises before the 1945 election that peoples hopes were set too high, many felt that Labour failed to deliver. The labour Government of 1945-51 passed, in total, 347 acts of parliament. The war had undoubtedly played a major role in the elections, being seen as a people's war it broke down social boundaries and caused a shift to the left. The party's manifesto was named Mr Churchill's Declaration of Policy to the Electorate, in the hope of taking advantage of Churchill's huge popularity. Morrison, was moved to minister of employment, Proposed introduction of positive light, Presented themselves as a united While Labour managed to retain much working class support largely because of the role class identification was playing in determining partisan support at this time the middle class had quickly become disaffected. million if some charged could be made on Gaitskell had imposed upon the health service prescription charges for glasses and false teeth, which to Bevan and other NHS idealists represented the betrayal of NHS founding principals. Failure of liberal party leads to more marginal victories for C's. Labours taxation policies unpopular with middle classes led them to lose the 1959 election. Labour's manifesto was based around the Beveridge report and the Nationalisation of industries, ideas that had been tested during the war and were found to work. Please wait while we set up your subscription TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification, The question as to why Labour won the 1945 election has been the source of much in depth study since the period. It called for a reelection the next year. This caused widespread discontent as even during the war, bread had not been rationed. Within the Cabinet, Gaitskells decision to expand the defence budget at the expense of domestic spending enraged health minister Nye Bevan in particular, who resigned as a response to the Korean deployment. In 1945 the Conservatives had suffered from being divided and disorganised, while Labour had been strong and united. Nevertheless, the war was clearly more important in raising Atlee's reputation among Britons because Attlee was effectively completely in charge of the homefront for the duration of the war. As Labour struggled to legislate effectively, and following another badly-handled balance of payments crisis in the summer of 1951, Attlee dissolved Parliament in September and Labour subsequently lost albeit narrowly the October election. That was three million less than the number of summonses, warrants and benefit deduction orders issued for poll tax non-payment. and were in decline - government supporting Between 1948 and the election year 1950, Labour was committed to a period of tighter spending and more austere demands placed upon citizens. a8a56820-44a0-4a9a-8187-fafb017abb00 (image/jpg), 8f36ad5d-3853-456a-9ff6-bdaabf691996 (image/jpg), c55c2574-fee6-48c9-ba8e-44fc34928bdf (image/jpg), e49a14d7-993b-49bd-9e9f-d594e2a70129 (image/jpg), 513b94d5-0e2d-4180-b58e-d389eb13cc5f (image/jpg), dd237af4-9d8e-494a-8b1e-c60544884a89.gif (image/gif), 40b0897e-0340-4b7e-af81-65768eaa4fb8 (image/jpg), 0ae72221-e96f-4b35-ad23-e78e4f949912 (image/png), Daily Express: "while he knew Working class voters, on the other hand, remained loyal to the Labour Party and the 1951 election saw Labour poll the highest aggregate popular vote ever achieved in Britain. This was the fourth of five elections in the twentieth century where a party lost the popular vote, but won the most seats. By 1947, more than one fifth of British industry had been drawn into public ownership. Thirdly, it brought about a further drop in voter confidence as external signs of infighting brought into question the competence and clarity of direction Labour could offer. Labour weaknesses. downfall 1950, Balance of Payments record: The weeks leading up to the Feb. 28 election were pretty messy but what's so jarring is how different the 2019 campaign played out an open race after two-term Democratic Mayor Rahm Emanuel . They had beaten the Conservatives by a clear 8% however in 51 they only had a 0.8% lead on the votes, as to why they didn't win after getting more votes one has to examine the first past the post system. 5 Labour and Conservative Governments, 1964-79 Why did the Conservatives lose the election of 1964? priorities, Coal mining-1947 These party reforms and the reorganisation proved worthwhile, as can be seen in the 8% boost in votes. In the election, Labour suffered considerable losses, but was able to retain a slim majority. Jeremy Corbyn. was really in their early The economy's recovery was further hindered by the short-sighted need to remain a world power. Why did Harold Wilson win the 1964 Election. Yet, despite this they won 26 more seats than Labour, this seems somewhat disproportionate and illogical and can once again be traced back to the first-past-the-post system. Their election campaign was heavily based off the idea that, if voted into power, there would be a period of consolidation after the previous years of innovation. Since 2015, the problem of electoral 'bias' means Westminster's voting system has advantaged the Conservatives. To gain an understanding of the election one must study the context surrounding the election. Most obviously, because the campaigns importance is overshadowed by the larger, more influential issues. electricity-1948 nationalisation of a 'ragbag and failed to outline their After 2003 Labour experienced a severe decline in its public standing, not least because of public unease with Blair's role in the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. So, while Labour won the popular vote, gaining large majorities in their constituencies, the Conservatives won the majority of seats, gaining narrow victories, but in more constituencies. Chamberlain's actions before the war had indeed lost the Conservatives much respect and had made them look weak to many people who saw Labour as the only reliable alternative. These problems, however, would have been inherent to any government of Britain at the time, but the fact was, Labour were held accountable. National income had fallen by a quarter during the War, meaning that many export markets needed to be recovered lest Britain face financial ruin. The Attlee governments of 1945 to 1951 can be divided into four key sections. In the years prior to 1959, many had expected Labour to win the next election. The outcome was widely credited to the deft materialism of Harold Macmillan, and the slogan `You've never had it so good', which the Conservatives, in fact, did not use. This was espoused in George Dangerfield's amorphous study The Strange Death of Liberal England (1934) and by Henry Pelling's more factually based The Origins of the . Then, in the summer of 1947, problems arose with the US war loan to be paid to the British government, in the form of the convertibility clause. As Labour struggled to legislate effectively, and following another badly-handled balance of payments crisis in the summer of 1951, Attlee dissolved Parliament in September and Labour subsequently lost albeit narrowly the October election. The 1964 election was not a landslide victory like that of 1945. The popularity of the 1942 Beveridge Report, which laid much of the groundwork for the establishment of the NHS and the Welfare State, was an endorsement of Labour politics. These reforms had a deep effect on Britain, however the electorate evidently felt not enough was done to fulfil the promises of a near utopian post-war Britain. 1950 are not the Conservatives of 1935, No one shoots Santa Clause - legislation, Commitment to full employment and a mixed economy, Said to focus upon its previous In 1945 Labour had won 11.99m (47.8%) of the vote, and went on to attain 13.95m (48.8%) of the vote in 51. years, Once lend lease had ended in 1945 (end of After the shock of the 1945 election, Labour appointed Lord Woolton as their party chairman: he was central to the revitalisation of the Conservatives and reorganised the conservative party effectively. There are several causes which can be established, first by looking at the events of the Attlee years and then isolating those points at which factors were working toward the partys defeat. The Conservative Party made some political headway by attacking the governments credentials with regard to the 1948 devaluation of the pound, which was designed to bring about the much needed rise in exports. These problems, however, would have been inherent to any government of Britain at the time, but the fact was, Labour were held accountable. They had beaten the Conservatives by a clear 8% however in 51 they only had a 0.8% lead on the votes, as to why they didn't win after getting more votes one has to examine the first past the post system. There are several causes which can be established, first by looking at the events of the Attlee years and then isolating those points at which factors were working toward the partys defeat. The Road Manifesto 1950 accepted highly controversial and cost Atlee used this as an opportunity to emphasise that although Churchill was a great wartime leader he was not such a good domestic politician. Labour paper the Tribune, Paul Adleman points out leadership remembered in a UNHAPPY PARLIAMENT, Labour majority between people of different Why did Labour lose the 1951 General Election? Divisions over appeasement, foreign policy and rearmament deeply weakened Labour. The Attlee Labour government of 1945-51 ended more with a whimper than with a bang. Just over a year later, with the Labour government in deep internal crisis and running out of steam, yet another election was called. Conservative (48.0%) The Blitz also, more obviously, caused a huge rise in support for Labour's housing development plans. Labour Fundamentalists including Bevan wanted further reforms, specifically more nationalisation meanwhile Morrison called for party unity. Conservative opposition fell off quickly, however, when the popularity of the NHS became increasingly apparent following its inception in 1946. To achieve these aims he argued that there needed to be better cooperation between the state and the individual. Cole suggested that its success was the inevitable consequence of the emergence of class politics. The term was coined from a particular type of horse racing wherein the winning horse passes the final post and all the others are disqualified. of cold war era), Violence broke out in India and Paliastine during decolonisation, Sectarian violence - Violence From the research Ive done, Ive attempted to form what I consider to be that clear answer. These acts included the reforms set out in the Beveridge plan, various other reforms and nationalisation. however not the 6 Maybe not the most important factor, but definitely worth noting, is the fact that the UK employs a first-past-the-post electoral system. authority, 1950-1951 labelled as an response of Tory MP to Firstly, the party enacted most of its initial 1945 manifesto pledges in establishing the NHS, founding the Welfare State, and building one million new homes.